X1.4 solar flare sparks HF radio blackout and fast CME ahead of Artemis 2; storm supercharges Mars and disrupts ESA orbiters
An X1.4 solar flare produced an HF radio blackout and launched a fast coronal mass ejection days before NASA's Artemis 2 launch window. The same solar event compressed and energized Mars' upper atmosphere and caused anomalies on ESA's Mars Express and ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.